Whew! It's day four of Blog Week and I've decided to take a break from my ramblings and let someone else share with you today. Last week, during Key Man University, I had a chance to talk with "Dad" Rick Itzenhuiser of Wisconsin DeMolay. During the conference, he gave a presentation on the history of the real Jacques DeMolay versus the Jacques portrayed in our degree work. I thought it would be a great piece to make available for all members of the Order.
It is not a paper, per se, but rather a series of thoughts that lead a discussion, so please read it as such.
Thanks to "Dad" Itzenhuiser for allowing me to publish his artcile! I hope you enjoy it!
A comparison
of the represented “truths” portrayed in the DeMolay Degree
to those of
actual history.
SOME SIMPLE FACTS:
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of
Christ and the Temple of Solomon.
Interesting comparison: Nine
original Templars - nine original DeMolay
How
accurate is the Orator's opening speech for the DeMolay Degree?
For the most part it is accurate in as much as it puts in
several disclaimers. History has shown that Philip IV was a scoundrel. Truth – Philip IV
orchestrated the arrest of the Templars on Friday, October 13, 1307. In fact it
was planned for months. Coordinated between many countries. Many doubted the
truth of the charges.
Why did Philip IV have them
arrested?
Money – owed a vast fortune to Templars. 10 years earlier he had
borrowed a large sum for the dowry for his daughter, Isabella. He greatly
needed a way to cancel that debt.
Were DeMolay and Philip IV long time adversaries?
FALSE - DeMolay was Godfather to Robert, son of Philip IV. On
Thursday, October 12, 1307, DeMolay was a pallbearer at the funeral of Princess
Catherine, Philip IV sister-in-law.
Was the commission impartial?
YES and NO.
The DeMolay Degree portrays
the activities of two separate commissions.
Initial Commission (April 1,
1310 – December 1310) ANTI Templar (TRUE) Pope Clement appointed a commission
favorable to the wants of Philip IV. The pope was afraid that the king would
take the same course with him as he had done with the two previous popes – it
is highly suspected that France played a heavy role in the untimely deaths of
Pope Boniface VIII and Benedict XI.
Archbishop of Narbonne
(Friend of Philip IV)
Archbishop of Sens (22 years
old cousin of Philip IV) He is the model for the Jr. Inquisitor in the DeMolay Degree.
Bishop of Trent
Final Commission (appointed
December 1313) attitude was against the Templars. (MOSTLY FALSE)
Master Inquisitor; Nicholas
of Freauville
Sr. Inquisitor; Arnaud Nouvel
Jr. Inquisitor; Arnaud of
Auch
Assistant - Archbishop of
Sens
Other Players
Marshal of the Commission;
William de Nogaret, keeper of the seal, close advisor to the king and
orchestrator of the plan to bring down the Order of the Temple.
THE CHARGES:
In reality 127
total (presented in March of 1310).
Hypocrisy and Treachery in
conducting the Crusades in the Holy Land
(FALSE)
Betraying the King (FALSE)
the Order of the Temple did not answer to any King. ONLY to the Pope.
Heresy (TRUE) MOST of the
accusations where based on heresy.
Living in wealth while the
poor starved. (TRUE) However, that was a responsibility of the State not the
Church.
Conniving with the infidel to
make the crusades fail in their Holy purpose. (TRUE and FALSE)
THE ACTION OF THE PLAY:
DeMolay Degree direction says "springing to his feet" – not likely. Although he was never tortured, he was 70 years old and had been
languishing in a dungeon for 7 years.
Which Templars were brought
before the final commission?
Jacques DeMolay
(1244-1314) – Grand Master (1293-1314)
Guy of Auvergne – Preceptor
of Auvergne (in England) Real name is Imbert Blanke – died in irons in England
– 1313.
Godfrey de Goneville –
Preceptor of Poitou and Aquitaine
Hughes de Peralde – former
Treasurer, bitter rival of DeMolay and close friend of Philip IV
(when Tibald of Gaudin died,
he was DeMolay’s challenger for election to GM) the only Templar not to recant his
confession) He suffered no torture and live relatively comfortable in prison.
Geoffrey de Charney –
Preceptor of Normandy
Was DeMolay the primary
defender of the Order?
Not likely. November 1309 Stated that he
wants to defend the Order. But not personally as he is “a knight, unlettered
and poor”
The Defenders: April 1, 1310
Peter of Bologna (Priest with
legal training) Most of the words spoken by DeMolay in the Degree would be better attributed to Bologna - December
17, 1310 - disappeared
Reginald of Provins (Priest
highly educated) December 17, 1310 - disappeared
William of Chambonnet
(Knight) illiterate
Bertrand of Sartiges (Knight)
illiterate
Until the final day, DeMolay
never appeared before any commission; only “confessors”. This is because he
stood fast in his position that he was answerable only to the Pope.
Much of the defense
sentiment, used in the DeMolay Degree, can be attributed to Peter of Bologna.
Did the commission had a pile of
confessions from other Templars?
TRUE – it’s amazing what truths the torture of medieval
dentistry can produce. Interesting note; the inquisition would tackle only one
charge at a time. Once they got the answer they were looking for THEN they
would move on to the next charge.
Did DeMolay deny the charges?
TRUE and FALSE - DeMolay confessed and recanted 3 times.
Did the commission offered
DeMolay a bribe?
FALSE – it was made VERY clear from the very beginning that DeMolay
was up the creek. There was no way out, it was just a question of how miserable
the king would make it for him.
Did the Jr. Inquisitor order DeMolay
to be take to the rack?
FALSE. It is generally agreed that DeMolay was never subjected to
physical torture.
Who was NOT burned at the
stake?
Guy of Auvergne, Godfrey de Goneville, Hughes de Peralde
Did the Lord Constable enter the trial and
order DeMolay to the stake?
NO. First - March 18, 1314 – DeMolay and (de Charney) recanted on the steps of Notre Dame in front of a large
public audience. Took the commission completely by surprise. After DeMolay and de Charney recant for the final time, they are taken back to the dungeon, word is
sent to Philip IV. Philip then orders that
DeMolay and de Charney be burned at the stake as relapsed heretics. Well within
the laws of the day.
How many Crusades, in the
Holy Land, were launched?
Nine.
Which one did DeMolay lead?
NONE. The last presence of Crusaders ended on August 14, 1291.
It is a shame that the author
of the ritual did not have DeMolays FINAL recant from the steps of Notre Dame, as reported by contemporaries who supposedly heard him say this:
DeMolay: “I think it is only right that at so solemn a moment, when my life has so little time to run, I
should reveal the deception which has been practiced and speak up for the
truth. Before heaven and earth and all of you here as my witnesses, I admit
that I am guilty of the grossest iniquity. But the iniquity is that I have lied
in admitting the disgusting charges laid against the Order. I declare, and I
must declare, that the Order is innocent. Its purity and saintliness are beyond
question. I have indeed confessed that the Order is guilty, but I have done so
only to save myself from terrible tortures by saying what my enemies wished me
to say. Other knights who have retracted their confessions have been led to the
stake, yet the thought of dying is not so awful that I shall confess foul
crimes which have never been committed. Life is offered to me, but at the price
of infamy. At such a price, life is not worth having. I do not grieve that I
must die if life can be bought only by piling one lie upon another.”